external validity
Psychology questions
Questions 1-5 are based on the following description of a research study.
The city of Ottawa, in Ontario Canada, passed a law banning smoking in bars and restaurants. Along with the bar and restaurant owners, a group of researchers wanted to know if the smoking ban would hurt sales figures. They kept track of bar and restaurant sales every month, starting two years (24 months) before the smoking ban and continuing for 10 months after the smoking ban. They noticed that although sales fluctuated greatly from month to month, there was a general increase in sales after the ban compared to before the ban.
1. First,define each of the quasi-experimental designs focused on non-equivalentcontrol group design, interrupted time series design, or non-equivalent groups interrupted time-series design. Then, tell me which of these best describes the research above. Justify your response: tell me why you believe yours is the appropriate choice.
2. Create a graph (either a line graph or column graph)of the results from this study. You do not have exact values to plot, but you can indicate which measurements are higher, lower, or the same as other measurements using made up values.
3. Assume that the author of the paragraph above concludes that the smoking an actually caused an increase in sales. Interrogate the internal validity of this claim. What threats might reduce our ability to draw the conclusion that it was the ban, and nothing else, that would lead sales to be lower after the ban compared to before the ban?
4. Ask one question to interrogate the construct validity for this study.
5. Ask one question to interrogate the external validity for this study.
Questions 6-9 are based on the following description of a research study.
Assume that, in one of a classic series of studies in psychology, Bandura and colleagues (1961) found that children who had observed an adult beating on an inflatable doll (“Bobo”) were more likely than children who had not observed any adult violence, to be physically aggressive toward the doll when left alone with it. Physical aggression included acts like “striking the Bobo doll with the mallet, sitting on the doll and punching it in the nose, kicking the doll, and tossing it in the air.” For our purposes, assume that Bandura looked only at a measure of physical aggression.
6. Identify the independent and dependent variables for this study.
7. Briefly, describe how you might design a direct replication of the Bandura study.
8. Briefly, describe how you might design a replication-plus-extension study based on the Bandura study.
9. Briefly, describe how you might design a conceptual replication with excellent ecological validity based on the Bandura study.
ORDER THIS ESSA HERE NOW AND GET A DISCOUNT !!!